The middle-class plague: epidemic polio and the Canadian state, 1936-37.

New Global Governance and the Future of the State Institution in the Middle East

Changes in the international system, along with crises in the Middle East and the emergence of inefficient states coexisting with religious and racial groups in the region, make one wonder about the nature of the state in today’s systematic world, in general, and the nature of the state in the Middle East, in particular. The present study provides a theoretical framework based on quantum mechan...

Alarm of Circulating Wild Poliovirus and Of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Middle East Countries as a Potential Risk for Re-Emerging of Polio in Iran

     Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease which is mainly transmitted via contaminated food and drinking water by human feces, especially in situations of poor hygiene and sanitation (1). This disease is caused by 3 types of wild poliovirus (WPV) (types 1, 2 and 3), and immunity against one type does not create immunity against other types. In our country according National Immuni...

The Impact of Geographical Factors on the Prevalence of Pervasive Diseases in Guilan, Qajar Era in Perspective of European Tourists

European tourists in their reports from Guilan in the Qajar era, also have addressed the issue of health and deadly diseases affecting lives of people, such as rice fever, malaria, cholera, and plague in addition to pointing out the numerous social tragedies. From these tourists’s point of view, the weather conditions, geographical location, livelihood and some living and social habits and beha...

For-Profit Hospitals Out of Business? Financial Sustainability During the COVID-19 Epidemic Emergency Response

This perspective argues that for-profit hospitals will be heavily affected by epidemic crises, including the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Policy-makers should be aware that for-profit hospitals in particular are likely to face financial distress. The suspension of all non-urgent elective surgery and the relegation of market-based mechanisms that...

Plague: A Manual for Medical and Public Health Workers